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Dam-Free Micro-Hydropower means generating electricity using natural elevation changes without a human-made barrier to local 和 migratory species: no dams, 的没有蓄水池最小的betvlctor伟德国际娱乐官网影响. 伟德网上娱乐需要的是像瀑布一样陡峭的海拔变化吗.

在全年流动的小溪上，即使在干旱的夏季也有水, waterfalls of 6 feet or more in height already fulfil the basic requirements of a small dam-free micro-hydropower system (see Figure 16 for more detail on the necessary head-流 requirements). More on the physical requirements for a dam-free micro-hydropower system can be found in the Dam-Free Micro-Hydro Feasibility Report.

大坝相关的微型水电开发受到现有非动力大坝数量(约6座)的限制,纽约州有600人. But many of the dams do not make good c和idates for hydropower development due to environmental, 大坝安全和防洪关系到大坝的整体状况. 但就像下锯杀人狂的例子所显示的那样, 在现有的水坝景观中，有多个可能的无水坝水电开发地点.

一般, yes; the permitting process might be shorter 和 easier, 虽然, as many of the environmental, dam safety 和 flood issues, 通常在水电许可过程中处理, 不适用.

无坝微型水电系统不依赖或局限于历史上存在的水坝，因此不会对鱼类迁徙造成障碍, 不构成同样的安全和洪水的担忧吗, 和 do not unnaturally impound water.

任何考虑将CDG设置为主机的人都必须使用经PSC批准的具有法律约束力的合同. 在创建订阅者合同时，最好寻求法律顾问的帮助, 以确保它满足纽约法律和PSC项目规则, while also protecting your business interests.

Once the CDG is setup, managing a CDG primarily involves maintaining 和 billing the subscriptions. 每个月，该公用事业将向CDG主机发送关于每个订户使用了多少信用的信息. 主机使用该信息为每个订阅者准备账单. If the CDG is set up like a shareowner or Community Supported Hydropower (CSH) model then the subscriber will prepay for a year or in perpetuity (or perhaps a fixed monthly amount if that is what is agreed to). 如果用户退出, or if generation increases 和 there is need, 需要努力获得新的订阅者.

CDG新订阅者的典型问题包括:

• What benefits can I expect from this program?
• 我需要把一年的电费寄给你吗?
• 我能轻易选择退出吗?
• 你是ESCO吗??
• 我是否通过签约购买了水力发电厂的一部分?
• 作为订阅者，我需要维护任何东西吗?
• 如果我动了会怎么样?
• How much will I save on my electric bill?
• Will I lose money if there is a drought?
• 有订阅费或其他费用吗?
• 如何计费?
• 我的功劳占你们生产的多少百分比?
• 我是否改变了效用?
• Why do I have to pay a second bill? Can’t you just bill me through the utility?
• Can I use automatic payment or a credit card?

和其他产品一样，为CDG注册用户涉及营销或销售. 电力消费者越来越意识到气候变化和温室气体排放，并对绿色能源感兴趣, which is a positive factor. 然而, 用清晰易懂的方式解释CDG项目可能是一项挑战, particularly as it relates to explaining monetary crediting for host using the Value Stack price. 更多关于CDG营销挑战的信息可在伟德网上娱乐的 CDG模型描述.

NYSERDA提供了一个评估项目价值堆栈的工具，请访问 http://www.nyserda.ny.gov/All-Programs/Programs/NY-Sun/Contractors/Value-of-Distributed-Energy-Resources/Solar-Value-Stack-Calculator

的 Value Stack is the compensation mechanism in use for small commercial DER in New York State, comprised of multiple layers of locational 和 time dependent values reflecting the value that a particular DER provides to the grid. (看到 Value Stack description in the CDG模型描述.)

CDG主机可以按kWh向订阅者收取的价格是订阅者和主机之间的合同中定义的术语. Unless the utility offers automatic billing, CDG billing takes place in two stages; first the utility applies a credit on the subscriber’s electric bill that offsets the amount of electricity consumed; 和 second, the CDG host collects payment for that credit by sending each subscriber a bill the subsequent month. 的 nature of the credit applied by the utility may be volumetric (credits applied in kWh) or monetary (a dollar credit), 取决于CDG主机帐户是非需求计还是需求计. For a non-dem和 metered host, the credit is a volumetric kWh credit, 主机可以向用户发送一份账单，按商定的价格每千瓦时收费.  对于一个需求计量的主机, 使用价值堆栈补偿机制，该抵免作为货币抵免应用于订户账单. 然后，主机可以向订阅者发送账单，收取与公用事业信用额相同的费用, 或者，如果订阅者和主机之间的合同有这样的规定，则可以使用不同的金额.

如果千瓦时发电量超过所有用户使用的千瓦时总和，CDG主机可以根据需要每月调整分配. 每年在CDG成立纪念日, the CDG host has the opportunity to distribute excess credits with the annual allocation request. CDG主机可以在任何时候添加新的订阅者，以确保所有的信用将被消费. If a CDG host does not apply 100% of credits to subscriber accounts then they are forfeited at the end of the anniversary year.

这个术语在CDG主机和订阅者之间的契约中定义. Where the contract allocates a fixed percentage of output as a credit 和 the amount allocated is larger than anticipated, it will still be applied as a credit. 如果积分超过订阅者的消费, 然后，这些积分可以在未来的计费期间进行结转. 的 CDG host 和 subscriber have flexibility to reduce future allocation percentages to ensure that the subscriber is not receiving more credit than they can use.

的 contract between the host 和 the subscriber should clearly state what happens in this instance. 如果订阅者得到的积分比她/他消费的少, then they will be charged the regular price for any kWh they consume from the utility that are in excess of the credit applied. 如果用户使用的能源少于申请的信贷, then the contract will typically provide that excess credits carry forward to future billing cycles, 和 that the host may adjust the percentage of output allocated to that subscriber to better match the subscriber’s consumption.

CDG用户账单 CDG subscribers will receive two bills - their electric bill comes from the utility as before, 他们也会收到CDG主机的账单(除非该公用事业已经实现了自动账单). 公用事业公司的账单看起来和以前差不多, 只有它在应用订阅者和主机之间同意的CDG输出百分比时才有信用, as either a monetary or volumetric credit. 主机向订阅者发送账单, 并向用户收取该金额，以补偿主机在前一个月的公用事业账单上对用户申请的信用.

主机用户负责变压器升级的费用. 如果你正在雇佣一家公司来安装你的系统, check with your agent/contractor, as they may cover this cost on your behalf. 对于小型水电系统，在一个居民帐户安装25千瓦或以下, the host is responsible for the cost of $350 towards the total cost of the transformer upgrade. 用于安装在非住宅帐户的微型水电系统, 主机成本份额是由公用事业公司根据具体情况确定的, 但在客户要求时，须经PSC审核. 的se costs can include the total costs for upgrades to ensure the adequacy of the distribution system which would not have been necessary but for the interconnection of the net metered DG resource (as per PSL §66-l(3)(c)(iii)). 看到 NYSSIR 附录E.

对于50kw或以下的系统, 如果任何公用电网升级被认为是必要的, 它们将由您的公用事业单位在您的验收通知中逐项列出，以继续您的建议安装. Common upgrades for systems 50kW or less include: transformer upgrades 和 secondary service upgrades. For systems above 50 kW up to 5 MW, this will be analyzed during the preliminary screening analysis which may require a supplemental 和/or Coordinated Electric System Interconnection Review (CESIR) to finalize the specific upgrades necessary to interconnect your proposed system.

你可能. 供您家庭或企业使用的变压器尺寸最初是为负载(千瓦时使用)而设计的。. 如果你们建议的DG系统尺寸超过了正常负荷，现有的变压器尺寸可能不够. This also includes the aggregate of any existing DG or DG in queue on the transformer prior to your proposed installation. Without upgrading the transformer, DG系统可能会使变压器过载，导致用户从变压器输入的电压过高和/或其他电能质量问题.

是的, 实用程序将为您提供提交预申请的选项, NYSSIR的附录D, 在提交完整的互连申请之前，费用为750美元. 如果您选择在公用事业的预申请结果的15个工作日内提交完整的申请, 额外$750的互连申请费用将获豁免. (请参阅 NYSSIR). For more information check with your utility.

A dem和 metered host is a generation source connected to the utility using a dem和 meter 和 dem和 billing rate; typically in New York this applies to sites with 2,000+ kWh of monthly consumption on site. 这可能会有所不同 between distribution utilities. CDG主机是按需计量还是非按需计量，决定了CDG订阅者在其账单上看到的是体积积分还是货币积分(价值堆栈).

A dem和 meter measures the peak level of dem和 within set periods of time (as brief as 15-minute intervals) rather than just measuring the overall level of electricity use. 这使得电力公司能够收回维持供电能力的成本，为那些有需要的客户提供密集的电力, 而不是把这些成本分配给所有客户——即使是那些电力需求更稳定或总用电量更少的客户.

微水力电表:如果你正在安装DG源(并网), 你的公用事业将安装一个带有编码器接收器发射器(ERT)的数字网表. This device utilizes radio frequency technology to transmit readings to meter readers over a short range, 并确保准确性. 这些仪表在正反两个方向运行，以实现计量网.

是的, 主人的责任是获得所有必要的许可和电气检查, as well as ensure that the system passes an interconnection functional test before the utility will allow interconnection.

是的, electric service will be interrupted during utility outages unless a battery back-up system or st和-by generator is also installed. 由于安全原因, Distributed Generation systems are required to shut down 和/or disconnect from the utility grid when an outage occurs to prevent electricity from back feeding into the lines to avoid injury to repair crews 和 the public. It is possible to install the hydropower system so that it actively disconnects the generator from the utility grid; the generator would then be able to supply electricity to your house during the utility outage. 这取决于你所在社区停电的频率和持续时间, 为使微型水力发电系统也能离网运行而增加的必要设备费用可能是合理的，也可能是不合理的.

的 optimal system size for a CDG depends on a multitude of factors 和 site-specific parameters including but not limited to head, 流, 现场负荷和成本. 的 first consideration when determining the maximum potential output of a system based on head 和 流 should always be what is environmentally sustainable. 一旦确定了, 建设成本和使用产出的可行性, 由所有者或通过CDG与其他客户共享, 也许会促使人们决定采用一个更小但更有成本效益的系统. 与你的开发人员谈谈你在伟德网上娱乐设计中的目标和限制.

申请互连:如果您正在与订约安装程序一起工作, that installer will offer you the opportunity to sign an agent authorization letter 和 will submit the interconnection application to the utility on your behalf. 附录F NYSSIR provides the following checklist:

1. 填妥标准申请表格(附录B & C)
2. New York State St和ardized Acknowledgement of Property Owner Consent Form – For Systems above 50 kW up to 5 MW Only (Appendix H)
3. For residential systems rated 50 kW 和 below, a signed copy of the st和ard contract (Appendix A)
4. 授权证书, 客户签字, 规定承包商作为客户的代理, 如果有必要的话
5. If requesting a new service, 由谷歌Earth确定的提议互联点的场地平面图, 必应地图, or similar satellite image. 对现有服务项目，应提供帐号和水表号
6. 项目和拟议地点的描述/说明. 如果建议在同一地点/地点安装多个DG系统, 需要对这些信息进行识别和详细解释
7. DG技术类型
8. DG fuel source / configuration
9. Proposed project size in AC kW
10. 项目为网络计量、远程计量或社区计量
11. 计量配置
12. 符合UL 1741的证书副本
13. 接口设备的制造商数据表的副本
14. 如有需要，制造商验证测试程序的副本
15. 系统图-三相系统设计的三线图, including detailed information on the wiring configuration at the PCC 和 an exact representation of existing utility service. 单相安装应接受单线图

净计量只允许对发电源被计量的现场消耗的能源进行净计量. CDG允许主机生成比现场消耗的更多的输出，并将其分配给同一公用服务领域内的其他订阅者. 如果主机在同一实用程序区域内拥有多个属性, remote net metering may also be an option.

电网计量是使用合格发电系统的一种方法, 如microhydro, 因产生的电力超过其使用而被计入, 和 is achieved by allowing participating customers’ meters to measure electric 流s in reverse 和 forward directions. 当客户的发电机产生的能量比客户使用的少时, the electric meter will measure the supplemental 能源 passing from the utility to the customer 和 register the 流 of electricity in a forward direction. 当客户的发电机产生的能量超过客户的使用时, 电表将测量从用户传递到公用事业单位的多余能量，并记录反向的电流. 的 surplus 能源 is subtracted, 或“网状,从公用事业公司提供给客户的能源, 因此“净计量.“因此, the utility is only able to see the net difference between what was generated 和 what was consumed during a billing period.

从CDG而不是公用事业接收电力, 影响能源供应方面的公用事业费用, 公用事业公司将继续收取送货费, which includes your service charge, 分配和传输的成本和其他费用. 的 specific amounts depend on the subscriber’s service class as well the respective utility. 有关您的能源账单的更多信息，请参阅伟德网上娱乐的 CDG经济学博客文章.

信用分配表格每月提交给公用事业公司一次，公用事业公司有30天的时间来响应和更新信用分配. 其他查询的具体响应时间因实用程序而异.

如果订阅者正在加入一个已经处于活动状态的CDG, 通常只需要一个计费周期就可以将该订阅者添加到程序中. 如果CDG尚未运行并接受新订阅, 那么，在主机找到足够多的用户后，用户才可以激活CDG.

的 documentation 和 forms required by the PSC 和 the utilities are available online for download, however the process is h和led through emails 和 other communications between the host 和 the utility.

CDG主机必须使用与符合程序规则的实用程序的合同来签约订阅者. 这包括互连协议和相关文件, host self-certification form, 用户分配形式 和 additional documents including certification of creditworthiness, 网络安全标准, 土地所有者的同意(即使主人是土地所有者)和其他必要的信息. 的 host also will need to analyze each subscriber’s average monthly consumption to determine the appropriate percentage of output to allocate to each subscriber. 每个实用程序都提供一个查看单个客户历史消费数据的过程. 一旦为每个客户确定了适当的发电输出百分比, 主机完成了实用程序的CDG分配表单.

完成应用程序过程的时间长短可能会很大程度上取决于主机与订阅者达成合同的速度, the interconnection process 和 other factors. 所有申请文件提交后, the utility typically takes sixty (60) days to activate the credit allocations for each subscriber.

互连是建立清洁发展小组的必要组成部分. 的 CDG程序 要求主机执行《伟德网上娱乐》附录中所规定的互连合同. 的 technical specifications 和 requirements 和 costs for interconnection will be site specific 和 can be determined by contacting your distribution utility. 在一个潜在的主机确定互连是可行的之后, 他们可以继续进行剩余的文件所需的公用事业建立一个CDG. Interconnection for projects with a nameplate capacity of 50 kW or less have an expedited six step process to interconnection.  Larger systems (50 kW to multi-MW) use an 11-step approach that provides a more detailed application processing arrangement, often requiring an impact study, 称为协调电力系统互连审查(CESIR).  公用事业公司必须向系统功率在25千瓦及以下的申请人提供能力，让他们通过互联网提交互连申请. 的 best first step is to reach out to the interconnection or Distributed Generation (DG) department of your local utility.

如果你现在是一个电力客户，那么你的电力公司已经每个月给你发电费了. 如果不确定，可以使用New York State创建的映射工具: http://data.ny.gov/Energy-Environment/NYS-Electric-Utility-Service-Territories/q5m9-rahr

该实用程序 公务员事务委员会是否要求为其服务范围内的客户提供CDG机会. 它们的作用是接受CDG主机发电源的互连, subject to the PSC rules 和 utility tariff, 和 to facilitate the application of generation credits on the billing accounts of any customers who have subscribed to the CDG.

看到 Microhydro CDG模型描述 or download a detailed report 关于微型水力社区分布式发电.

每个公用事业都有有限的容量来接受CDG主机, 并以先到先得的方式分配空间. 第一个, 公用事业接收申请，潜在的CDG主机通过签署互连协议来保留一个位置. 对于那些使用值堆栈补偿机制的主机, 市场过渡信贷(MTC)有一个总容量限制，不同的用途领域，并可在先到先得的基础上提供.

Each distribution utility requires an interconnection agreement 和 related documents including the host self-certification form, 用户分配形式, certification of creditworthiness, 网络安全标准, 土地所有者的同意(即使主人是土地所有者)和其他必要的信息. 表格的确切要求和性质可能因不同的公用事业而有所不同. 的 CDG host must also register as a Distributed Energy Resource (DER) with the Public Service Commission，要求 分布式能源供应商登记表 as well as the following material:

• 纽约州州政府接受你的注册的复印件和证明，以及你的假名证书的复印件(如果适用);
• 样品销售协议, including customer disclosure statements, 将提供的CDG或现场大众市场产品或服务的每个材料类别的每个客户类别的样本账单;
• 提供每一产品的资料和宣传材料的副本，用于大规模销售目的;
• 实体列表, including contractors 和 sub-contractors, that market on behalf of your company;
• 消费者服务办事处及服务提供者表格[NYS DPS消费者服务办公室服务提供者表格]

CDG订户是公用事业客户，他们在合同上同意从社区分布式发电主机购买发电输出. 他们可以是个人住宅帐户持有人或商业帐户持有人. CDG用户仍然是他们的公用事业公司的客户，他们将为交付和传输以及额外使用的电力向他们收费. 要成为CDG订阅者，客户必须在相同的 公用事业领域 和 普及区 作为CDG主机.

An offtaker can enter into a PPA with a site owner or PPA provider to begin using the electricity generated by the microhydro instead of their current source of supply. 在大多数情况下, the offtaker remains connected to the grid 和 has access to additional 和 back-up power if needed.

If you have a site with microhydro potential 和 want to find someone else (an offtaker) who may want to use the 能源, 和你的邻居谈谈, including local businesses 和 ask them! 你可能会发现人们对环保越来越感兴趣, 他们会发现当地的绿色能源非常有吸引力.

可能需要进行有计划的维护和维修，例如更换轴承或阀门. 计划外的维护和维修可能包括需要疏通入口筛网, 更换破碎设备, 干旱时不运行(长时间低流量), 或者甚至是电网中断(如果设施是联网的).

典型的PPA向承办人收取每千瓦时交付的商定价格. 如果工厂下线或停止运营, it is not delivering electricity, 和 the offtaker will not be charged. 在一个微型水力发电厂的例子中, 无论是为了维修，还是由于某些自然损坏或其他原因, the offtaker can resume receiving power from the utility at their current rate until the plant becomes operational again. PPA供应商不能向承办人保证任何有关电力公司可能收取的价格，如果工厂倒闭.

太阳能和风能公私合作项目依靠税收优惠来吸引投资者, 然而，水电目前还没有资格获得联邦税收抵免. 即使没有税收抵免，PPA仍然是可能的, if the cost of construction, permitting 和 maintenance can be recovered within the desired period of time for the investor based only on the agreed upon payment schedule of the offtaker.

这可能会有所不同, 但大多数投资者为了投资这个项目，更希望看到6年内的回报. From the offtaker perspective, there is no upfront capital investment 和 entering into a PPA can be cash流 positive from day one. Developers will likely realize their investment objective within six years thanks to incentives, depreciation 和 other financial benefits.

PPA的定价考虑了许可的总成本, 设计和施工, 以及预期的运营和维护费用. That amount will be used to schedule a repayment term over as many years as it is necessary to pay off the costs while still allowing for a reasonable return on investment for the party providing the initial cash. 通常有自动扶梯，每年有3%到4%的电梯，但也不总是有. 有时整个期限的付款是固定的, in which case the initial payment is likely to be slightly higher than what the offtaker is used to paying for electricity, 但以后的支付比例将低于市场利率.

这个项目的经济效益应该计算出来，这样你支付的初始千瓦时率稍微少一点或等于你当前的电费. 这可能取决于您的服务区域和其他因素, such as the costs specific to the permitting, 设计和施工 of your project.

PPA可以让你获得可预测和适度的电价. 通常初始费率比当前费率低, 和 the modest escalator is a lower rate than how utility rates are expected to increase over time. 因此，PPA从长远来看会为你省钱.

在许多情况下，有兴趣的土地所有者可能必须向水电开发商支付专业土地评估的咨询费. Based on that initial assessment a general project 和 study plan can be developed to set up a PPA. Further costs would be accounted towards the total project costs as defined in the PPA contract.

工程软成本与水电系统的规模和复杂程度密切相关, 以及特定地点的参数，比如现有的基础设施, 财产大小, 接近现场负荷或公用电网, 以及betvlctor伟德国际娱乐官网水质和栖息地问题.

A property owner who installs a microhydro plant with a PPA developer will want to have the option in their contract to assign the contract over to a future property owner.

RECs归PPA开发商所有，他们将其价值作为额外的收入流来支付最初的建设成本. 在纽约, PPA开发商将有权将RECS和产量以捆绑合同的形式出售给承揽方, 如果收货人对可再生能源属性感兴趣. Or, PPA开发商可以将RECs出售给NYSERDA, 每年为RECs提供两次恳求.

不，设备的所有者使用退税和税收抵免.

大多数租赁都有一个隐含的利率，被称为付款自动扶梯. This may run from 0% to as high as 4%. 如果你签了一份租金为3%的租约，第一年你的第一笔付款是每月100美元, 然后在第二年你的付款将增加到103美元/月. 每年以后你的付款将继续增加3%. 的 escalator is still likely to reflect a savings when compared to residential utility rates, 在2008年到2018年间，美国平均增长了15%. 有关电力的关键指标和统计数据，可在国家电力管理局的网站上查阅 Energy Information Administration.

Often a lease will allow you to transfer your monthly lease payments to the new property owner, 只要他们符合租赁人的信用标准. 你可能 also have the option of purchasing the system outright or having the property buyer do so.

是的. 如果你想在你住的地方安装一个微型水力发电站, but you do not own the property, then leasing is probably not for you. 系统的出租人或所有者将要求财产的所有者授予访问权限和其他权利, 哪些通常不能由非所有者转让.

你是否可以终止租约取决于租约的条款, but is a fairly common provision. 出租人应在签署租约前提出这一要求, 给自己在未来做出选择的灵活性.

租赁期限届满, some providers will offer a renewal term, 也许在一段额外的时间里，每年一次. 您也可以选择以公平的市场价格购买系统, which requires an independent valuation.

拥有该系统的公司将负责任何维修工作. 支付额外修理费用的责任将由租赁合同确定. 承租人在达成租赁协议前应了解这些责任.

在大多数情况下, 一个场地所有者会想要雇佣一个水电开发商来协助betvlctor伟德国际娱乐官网和场地评估, 设施设计和许可——无论场地所有者最终是想租赁还是直接拥有水电系统. 的 developer would act as an agent for the site owner 和 coordinate with all relevant resource agencies 和 stakeholders to ensure a successful permitting procedure. 有关微水处理许可的更多信息，请参阅伟德网上娱乐的 允许部分.

租赁是与拥有该系统的公司签订的协议. 在租期内，你可以享受电力系统提供的电力. If you choose to lease your system, 在一开始，您只需支付系统成本的一小部分, 然后向系统所有者支付固定的租金, 水电开发公司. 你可能 choose to lease to own, 但是直到租期结束你才真正拥有这个系统, 当所有租赁款项支付完毕，所有权从出租人转移到承租人时. 租赁是一个很好的选择，如果税收抵免, 但是你的税单低于你的系统的税收抵免的价值. 如果你不想支付任何预付费用或申请贷款，它也是理想的, or if you credit score is below 650.

的re are circumstances when it makes sense to take out a loan to finance your microhydro project; these are some of them:

1. You are comfortable owning 和 maintaining the system yourself or hiring a company to deal with maintenance but still being the ultimate responsible party for the microhydro plant.
2. If federal tax credits are available, 你的税单比你从系统中得到的税收抵免要多.
3. 你可以轻松地申请贷款，拥有良好的信用评级.

如果你有兴趣拥有自己的微型水力发电系统，问问自己:

1. Do you want the responsibility to own or do you prefer that someone else deal with the responsibilities?
2. 你有现金支付前期费用吗?
3. 如果适用的话，你能享受税收抵免吗?
4. 你愿意花现金储备还是贷款? Is your credit strong enough to get a loan?

在决定是否购买或租赁系统时，有许多因素需要考虑. 这些因素与您的项目经济有关, 你的信誉, your willingness to assume responsibility for a microhydro project as well as your appetite for tax credits (if applicable). 首先你需要看看这个系统的总成本. Ownership requires the up-front capital cost of designing, permitting 和 constructing the project. 如果你没有现金，你可以通过贷款来减少前期成本. 与贷款, 你是所有者, 但你从银行借钱是为了支付系统的资本成本. 贷款就是简单的融资，就像用贷款购买汽车一样. 它可以让你利用所有与你自己的可再生能源发电相关的节省. 如果实际上, the federal renewable 能源 tax credits, such as the investment tax credit (ITC) may allow an owner of a system to use 30% of the value of the system as a tax credit, which works for individuals who have tax liability they would like to reduce with tax credits. If you don’t have the cash 和 do not want to take out a loan you can consider a lease-to-own model. 或者，您也可以在租赁结束时不打算转让所有权的情况下租赁系统. 与租赁, you are not the owner of the system, 你只是向租赁公司长期付款(通常为20年). If you choose to lease-to-own, 然后系统的所有权会在你的租期结束时转移给你. 租赁协议允许你在不承担拥有系统的责任的情况下做出环保的选择, while reducing your electricity bill 和 using a predictable monthly payment structure based on a kWh rate that is established at the beginning of the lease term. 租赁与贷款有一些共同点. 例如, the environmental benefits are the same 和 monthly payments are typically structured to be less than your current electric bill. 如果你有足够的资源，对税收抵免有兴趣, 和/or are willing to take out a loan, then all things else being equal, 拥有您的系统，即使它是通过贷款融资的，也是一个更好的选择.

的 answer depends on your project’s goals, betvlctor伟德国际娱乐官网设置，以及你的小水电站点离电表有多近. 采用净能源计量或远程净能源计量, 你必须把水力发电系统与电网连接起来. 如果你在考虑从网格中退出, you can configure your project off-grid – without interconnecting with the electricity grid.

的 power needs of your home depend on the same factors as your electricity (or 能源) needs, but the use patterns play an increased role. 例如:一个20瓦的灯泡需要操作, an off-grid hydropower system has to provide a power of 20 Watts; so if you have five of these 20-Watt bulbs located in 5 different rooms of your home, 当你进入或离开一个房间时，你倾向于打开或关闭它们, in the ideal case your home could be supplied by a 20-Watt hydropower system; but if all 5 of the bulbs are switched on by the same switch, a potential hydropower system will need to be 5 times as large to provide the necessary power. 换句话说:电力需求取决于你打算同时使用多少(以及哪些)电器和设备:运行洗衣机, 干衣机, 烤箱的, 电视和电灯同时产生了比错开使用这些电器更高的电力需求. With an on-grid hydropower system, 这些功率尖峰(由同时使用电器产生)由公用事业覆盖, 但离网系统需要直接或在电池系统的帮助下实现平衡. 伟德网上娱乐建议对你家的电力需求进行评估，并将能源效率升级作为水电设计过程的一部分.

你的微型水电项目需要产生多少电力来抵消你家的消耗取决于:

• 你家的大小，
• quality of building envelope,
• 居民的数量和使用方式，
• 你家的电气化程度(电加热, 电烹调, 电暖水), 和
• 你的电器和设备的能源效率.

Efficient single family homes use about 300 kWh per month while others use 800 kWh 和 more per month. 节能的家庭可以用一个800瓦的(并网)水电系统来抵消他们的能源消耗. 伟德网上娱乐建议对你家的电力需求进行评估，并考虑将能源效率升级作为水电设计过程的一部分. Check your current utility bill to see how you rank 和 to see if there is room for improvement. 请注意，离网系统不仅需要满足家庭的能源需求, 还有它的电力需求!

A microhydro PPA may run from 15 to 25 years. 的 terms will vary dependent on the specific cost of the project 和 consumption of the offtaker.

的 PPA developer owns the plant, 与一个长期的协议，出售所有的电气输出到收货人. Sometimes at the end of the term there is an option for the offtaker to buy the plant from the developer at fair market value.

If you are interested in regular monthly payments 和 prefer to have a professional hydro developer deal with building 和 operating your project than a PPA could be a great way to go.

的 CDG host is the entity that manages 和 sells electricity to subscribers who elect to participate. 在大多数情况下 the CDG host operates or owns a renewable 能源 project that generates more electricity than can be used on site. 主机定义了订阅者加入CDG的规定. 更多关于基础和 essential elements of New York CDGs.

的 关键CDG需求 是否有合格的可再生能源, 与配电公司的互连协议, 以及一组至少10个签署CDG合同的订阅者.

Community Renewable Energy refers to a renewable 能源 project that is shared by a community (like community solar or hydro). 换句话说, 而不是由一个业主使用可再生能源项目的输出, with a Community Renewable Energy project, 输出由一组个人共享, 使用电力的企业或其他实体. Community Distributed Generation (CDG) is New York State’s program that allows distributed renewable 能源 resources to share their output with retail customers.

Micro hydropower refers to hydroelectric systems that produce up to 100 kilowatts of electricity. 大部分的水力发电系统是由房主和小企业主使用的, including farmers 和 ranchers, would qualify as micro hydropower systems. “微”指的是高达100千瓦的系统, but a 10-kilowatt micro hydropower system can generally provide enough power for a large home, 一个小酒店, 或者业余农场.

引用: http://www.energy.gov/energysaver/buying-and-making-electricity/microhydropower-systems

Hydropower is considered "clean 能源" because it is produced without the burning of fossil fuels. 然而, 微型水力发电系统可能对该系统的所在地和下游产生其他betvlctor伟德国际娱乐官网影响.

微型水力发电系统是现有的二氧化碳含量最低的能源之一. 水电对温室气体产生影响的原因并不是发电本身, 但是为了产生水力发电，地表和水面发生了变化, particularly when the reservoir is new. 然而, 微型水力设施可能不会使用相当大的蓄水池, 或者至少是一个占地面积更小的小水库, 其中很多可能以前是岩石河床. 在水库建成后的最初几年，温室气体的贡献增加最为显著.  A micro hydro installation on a dam that has been in place for decades would not be likely to introduce significant new GHG sources.

纽约州正在考虑微型水力发电，因为该州有超过6个,600 legacy dams that already exist. 这些现有的大坝为业主提供了一个独特的机会，在现有的大坝上安装微型水电系统. 这个网站提供了在现有大坝上考虑微型水力发电的资源.