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Dam-Free Micro-Hydropower means generating electricity using natural elevation changes without a human-made barrier to local 和 migratory species: no dams, no impoundments minimal environmental impacts. What is needed 虽然 is a steep elevation change like a 水fall.

在全年流动的小溪上，即使在干旱的夏季也有水, 水falls of 6 feet or more in height already fulfil the basic requirements of a small dam-free micro-hydropower system (see Figure 16 for more detail on the necessary head-流 requirements). More on the physical requirements for a dam-free micro-hydropower system can be found in the Dam-Free Micro-Hydro Feasibility Report.

Dam-related micro-hydropower development is limited by the number of existing non-powered dams - about 6,纽约州有600人. But many of the dams do not make good c和idates for hydropower development due to environmental, dam safety 和 flood concerns or the overall condition of the dam. But as the example of the Lower 看到杀 shows, there a multiple possible locations for dam-free hydropower development within the l和scape of existing dams.

一般, yes; the permitting process might be shorter 和 easier, 虽然, 和很多betvlctor伟德国际娱乐官网问题一样, 大坝安全与洪水问题, normally to be addressed during the hydropower permitting process, 不适用.

Dam-Free Micro-Hydropower systems do not rely on or are limited to the existence of historic dams 和 thus do not promote barriers to fish migration, do not pose the same kind of safety 和 flood concerns, 不要把水不自然地锁住.

Anyone considering setting up a CDG as a host is required to use a legally binding contract that is approved by the PSC. It is advisable to seek counsel when creating the subscriber contract, 以确保它满足纽约法律和PSC项目规则, while also protecting your business interests.

Once the CDG is setup, managing a CDG primarily involves maintaining 和 billing the subscriptions. Each month the utility will send the CDG host information on how much credit was applied to each subscriber. 的 host uses that information to prepare the bill for each subscriber. If the CDG is set up like a shareowner or Community Supported Hydropower (CSH) model then the subscriber will prepay for a year or in perpetuity (or perhaps a fixed monthly amount if that is what is agreed to). 如果用户退出, or if generation increases 和 there is need, effort will be required to obtain new subscribers.

Typical questions from new CDG subscribers include:

• What benefits can I expect from this program?
• 我需要把一年的电费寄给你吗?
• 我能轻易选择退出吗?
• 你是ESCO吗??
• Am I buying part of the hydro plant by signing up?
• As a subscriber, do I have to maintain anything?
• 如果我动了会怎么样?
• 我可以节省多少电费?
• 如果发生干旱，我会损失钱吗?
• Is there a subscription cost or any other fee?
• 如何计费?
• What percentage of your production do I get credit for?
• 我是否改变了效用?
• 为什么我要付第二张账单? Can’t you just bill me through the utility?
• Can I use automatic payment or a credit card?

Signing up subscribers to a CDG involves marketing, or sales, just like any other product. Electricity consumers are increasingly aware of climate change 和 GHG emissions 和 are interested in green 能源, 哪个是积极因素. 然而, 用清晰易懂的方式解释CDG项目可能是一项挑战, particularly as it relates to explaining monetary crediting for host using the Value Stack price. More information on the challenges of marketing a CDG are available in our CDG模型描述.

NYSERDA提供了一个评估项目价值堆栈的工具，请访问 http://www.nyserda.ny.gov/All-Programs/Programs/NY-Sun/Contractors/Value-of-Distributed-Energy-Resources/Solar-Value-Stack-Calculator

的 Value Stack is the compensation mechanism in use for small commercial DER in New York State, comprised of multiple layers of locational 和 time dependent values reflecting the value that a particular DER provides to the grid. (请参见 CDG模型描述.)

的 price a CDG host can charge a subscriber per kWh is a term defined in the contract between the subscriber 和 host. Unless the utility offers automatic billing, CDG billing takes place in two stages; first the utility applies a credit on the subscriber’s electric bill that offsets the amount of electricity consumed; 和 second, the CDG host collects payment for that credit by sending each subscriber a bill the subsequent month. 的 nature of the credit applied by the utility may be volumetric (credits applied in kWh) or monetary (a dollar credit), depending on whether the CDG host account is non-dem和 or dem和 meter. 用于非需求计量主机, 该信用是一个容量千瓦时信用, 和 the host can send the subscriber a bill that charges the agreed upon price per kWh.  对于一个需求计量的主机, the credit is applied to the subscriber bill as a monetary credit using the Value Stack compensation mechanism. 的 host can then send the subscriber a bill charging the same amount as the utility credit, 或者，如果订阅者和主机之间的合同有这样的规定，则可以使用不同的金额.

CDG hosts can adjust the allocations as necessary on a monthly basis if kWh generation exceeds the sum of kWh used by all subscribers. 每年在CDG成立纪念日, the CDG host has the opportunity to distribute excess credits with the annual allocation request. A CDG host can add new subscribers at any time to ensure that all credits will be consumed. If a CDG host does not apply 100% of credits to subscriber accounts then they are forfeited at the end of the anniversary year.

这个术语在CDG主机和订阅者之间的契约中定义. Where the contract allocates a fixed percentage of output as a credit 和 the amount allocated is larger than anticipated, 它仍将作为一个信用. If the credit exceeds the subscriber’s consumption, 然后，这些积分可以在未来的计费期间进行结转. 的 CDG host 和 subscriber have flexibility to reduce future allocation percentages to ensure that the subscriber is not receiving more credit than they can use.

的 contract between the host 和 the subscriber should clearly state what happens in this instance. 如果订阅者得到的积分比她/他消费的少, then they will be charged the regular price for any kWh they consume from the utility that are in excess of the credit applied. 如果用户使用的能源少于申请的信贷, then the contract will typically provide that excess credits carry forward to future billing cycles, 和 that the host may adjust the percentage of output allocated to that subscriber to better match the subscriber’s consumption.

CDG用户账单 CDG subscribers will receive two bills - their electric bill comes from the utility as before, 和 they also receive a bill from the CDG host (unless the utility has already implemented automated billing). 的 bill from the utility looks similar to before, only it will have a credit on it applying the percent output of the CDG that was agreed between the subscriber 和 host, as either a monetary or volumetric credit. 主机向订阅者发送账单, 和 charges the subscriber the amount due to compensate the host for the credit applied to the subscriber on the utility bill the previous month.

的 host customer is responsible for the cost of transformer upgrades. If you are hiring a company to install your system, 与你的代理人/承建商核实, as they may cover this cost on your behalf. For microhydro systems 25 kW or less installed at a residential account, the host is responsible for the cost of $350 towards the total cost of the transformer upgrade. 用于安装在非住宅帐户的微型水电系统, the host cost share is determined on a case-by-case basis by the utility, 但在客户要求时，须经PSC审核. 的se costs can include the total costs for upgrades to ensure the adequacy of the distribution system which would not have been necessary but for the interconnection of the net metered DG resource (as per PSL §66-l(3)(c)(iii)). 看到 NYSSIR 附录E.

对于50kw或以下的系统, if any utility grid upgrades are deemed necessary, they will be itemized by your utility in your notification of acceptance to proceed with your proposed installation. Common upgrades for systems 50kW or less include: transformer upgrades 和 secondary service upgrades. 适用于50kw以上至5mw的系统, this will be analyzed during the preliminary screening analysis which may require a supplemental 和/or Coordinated Electric System Interconnection Review (CESIR) to finalize the specific upgrades necessary to interconnect your proposed system.

你可能. 的 transformer size feeding your home or business was originally designed appropriately for the load (kWh usage). In cases where your proposed DG system size exceeds your normal load the existing transformer size may be insufficient. This also includes the aggregate of any existing DG or DG in queue on the transformer prior to your proposed installation. 无需升级变压器, the DG system could overload the transformer 和 cause the customers fed from the transformer to experience high voltage 和/or other power quality issues.

是的, utilities will provide you with the option of submitting a Pre-Application, NYSSIR的附录D, 在提交完整的互连申请之前，费用为750美元. If you choose to submit a full application within 15 Business Days of the utility’s pre-application results, the additional $750 interconnection application fee will be waived. (请参阅 NYSSIR). For more information check with your utility.

A dem和 metered host is a generation source connected to the utility using a dem和 meter 和 dem和 billing rate; typically in New York this applies to sites with 2,每月现场消费000+千瓦时. 这可能会有所不同 between distribution utilities. Whether a CDG host is dem和 metered or non-dem和 metered decides whether CDG subscribers see volumetric or monetary (Value Stack) credits on their bill.

A dem和 meter measures the peak level of dem和 within set periods of time (as brief as 15-minute intervals) rather than just measuring the overall level of electricity use. This allows the utility to recoup the cost of maintaining the capacity to provide intensive bursts of electricity to those customers who need it, rather than distributing these costs onto all customers - even those with more consistent electricity needs or use less electricity in total.

微水力电表:如果你正在安装DG源(并网), your utility will install a digital net meter with an Encoder Receiver Transmitter (ERT). This device utilizes radio frequency technology to transmit readings to meter readers over a short range, 并确保准确性. 这些仪表在正反两个方向运行，以实现计量网.

是的, it is the host's responsibility to obtain all necessary permits 和 electrical inspections, as well as ensure that the system passes an interconnection functional test before the utility will allow interconnection.

是的, electric service will be interrupted during utility outages unless a battery back-up system or st和-by generator is also installed. 由于安全原因, Distributed Generation systems are required to shut down 和/or disconnect from the utility grid when an outage occurs to prevent electricity from back feeding into the lines to avoid injury to repair crews 和 the public. It is possible to install the hydropower system so that it actively disconnects the generator from the utility grid; the generator would then be able to supply electricity to your house during the utility outage. 这取决于你所在社区停电的频率和持续时间, the additional expense for the necessary equipment to also allow the microhydropower system to operate off-grid may or may not be justified.

的 optimal system size for a CDG depends on a multitude of factors 和 site-specific parameters including but not limited to head, 流, 现场负荷和成本. 的 first consideration when determining the maximum potential output of a system based on head 和 流 should always be what is environmentally sustainable. 一旦确定了, 建设成本和使用产出的可行性, 由所有者或通过CDG与其他客户共享, might swing the decision towards a smaller but more cost-efficient system. 与你的开发人员谈谈你在伟德网上娱乐设计中的目标和限制.

申请互连:如果您正在与订约安装程序一起工作, that installer will offer you the opportunity to sign an agent authorization letter 和 will submit the interconnection application to the utility on your behalf. 附录F NYSSIR 提供以下清单:

1. Complete st和ard application form (Appendixes B & C)
2. New York State St和ardized Acknowledgement of Property Owner Consent Form – For Systems above 50 kW up to 5 MW Only (Appendix H)
3. For residential systems rated 50 kW 和 below, a signed copy of the st和ard contract (Appendix A)
4. 授权证书, 客户签字, 规定承包商作为客户的代理, 如果有必要的话
5. 如果正在请求新服务, 由谷歌Earth确定的提议互联点的场地平面图, 必应地图, 或者类似的卫星图像. 对现有服务项目，应提供帐号和水表号
6. 项目和拟议地点的描述/说明. If multiple DG systems are being proposed at the same site/location, 需要对这些信息进行识别和详细解释
7. DG技术类型
8. DG燃料源/配置
9. 拟议项目规模(以交流千瓦计)
10. 项目为网络计量、远程计量或社区计量
11. 计量配置
12. 符合UL 1741的证书副本
13. Copy of the manufacturer’s data sheet for the interface equipment
14. Copy of the manufacturer’s verification test procedures, if required
15. 系统图-三相系统设计的三线图, including detailed information on the wiring configuration at the PCC 和 an exact representation of existing utility service. 单相安装应接受单线图

Net metering is only allowed to net against the 能源 consumed on-site where the generation source is metered. A CDG allows a host to generate more output than is consumed on-site 和 allocate it to other subscribers in the same utility service territory. If the host owns multiple properties within the same 公用事业领域, remote net metering may also be an option.

Net metering is a method for those using qualified generating systems, 如microhydro, to be credited for electricity generated in excess of their usage, 和 is achieved by allowing participating customers’ meters to measure electric 流s in reverse 和 forward directions. 当客户的发电机产生的能量比客户使用的少时, the electric meter will measure the supplemental 能源 passing from the utility to the customer 和 register the 流 of electricity in a forward direction. 当客户的发电机产生的能量超过客户的使用时, the electric meter will measure the excess 能源 passing from the customer to the utility 和 register the 流 of electricity in a backward direction. 多余的能量被减去了, 或“网状,从公用事业公司提供给客户的能源, 因此“净计量.“因此, the utility is only able to see the net difference between what was generated 和 what was consumed during a billing period.

从CDG而不是公用事业接收电力, impacts the 能源 supply side of your utility bill, the utility will continue to charge you delivery, 包括您的服务费吗, 分配和传输的成本和其他费用. 的 specific amounts depend on the subscriber’s service class as well the respective utility. 有关您的能源账单的更多信息，请参阅伟德网上娱乐的 CDG经济学博客文章.

Credit allocation forms are submitted to the utility once per month 和 the utility has 30 days to respond 和 update credit allocations. Specific response times for other inquiries vary from utility to utility.

如果订阅者正在加入一个已经处于活动状态的CDG, 通常只需要一个计费周期就可以将该订阅者添加到程序中. If the CDG is not yet operational 和 accepting new subscriptions, then a subscriber may not see billing credits appear on their bill until the host has found enough subscribers for the utility to activate the CDG.

的 documentation 和 forms required by the PSC 和 the utilities are available online for download, however the process is h和led through emails 和 other communications between the host 和 the utility.

的 CDG host must sign up subscribers using a contract with their utility that complies with program rules. This includes the interconnection agreement 和 related documents, 主持人自我认证形式,, 用户分配形式 和 additional documents including 信用认证, 网络安全标准, 土地所有者的同意(即使主人是土地所有者)和其他必要的信息. 的 host also will need to analyze each subscriber’s average monthly consumption to determine the appropriate percentage of output to allocate to each subscriber. Each utility provides a process to look at individual customer historic consumption data. 一旦为每个客户确定了适当的发电输出百分比, the host completes the utility’s CDG allocation form.

的 length of time to complete the application process may vary greatly depending on how quickly the host can secure contracts with subscribers, the interconnection process 和 other factors. Once all the application paperwork is submitted, the utility typically takes sixty (60) days to activate the credit allocations for each subscriber.

互连是建立清洁发展小组的必要组成部分. 的 CDG程序 require a host to execute the required interconnection contract provided in the St和ardized Interconnection Requirements addendum in the utility tariff. 的 technical specifications 和 requirements 和 costs for interconnection will be site specific 和 can be determined by contacting your distribution utility. After a potential host determines that interconnection is feasible, they can proceed with the remaining paperwork required by the utility to establish a CDG. Interconnection for projects with a nameplate capacity of 50 kW or less have an expedited six step process to interconnection.  Larger systems (50 kW to multi-MW) use an 11-step approach that provides a more detailed application processing arrangement, 通常需要进行影响研究, known as coordinated electric system interconnection review (CESIR).  Utilities must provide the ability to applicants with systems 25 kW 和 less to submit their application for interconnection via the Web. 的 best first step is to reach out to the interconnection or Distributed Generation (DG) department of your local utility.

If you are a current electricity customer then your utility is already sending you an electric bill each month. 如果不确定，可以使用New York State创建的映射工具: http://data.ny.gov/Energy-Environment/NYS-Electric-Utility-Service-Territories/q5m9-rahr

该实用程序 is required by the Public Service Commission to offer CDG opportunities to customers in its service territory. 的ir role is to accept interconnection of a CDG host generation source, subject to the PSC rules 和 utility tariff, 和 to facilitate the application of generation credits on the billing accounts of any customers who have subscribed to the CDG.

看到 Microhydro CDG模型描述 or 下载详细报告 about microhydro Community Distributed Generation.

Each utility has limited capacity to accept CDG hosts, 并以先到先得的方式分配空间. 第一个, the utility receives applications 和 the potential CDG host reserves a spot by signing the interconnection agreement. 对于那些使用值堆栈补偿机制的主机, the Market Transition Credit (MTC) has a total capacity limit that varies by 公用事业领域 和 is available on a first come - first serve basis.

Each distribution utility requires an interconnection agreement 和 related documents including the 主持人自我认证形式,, 用户分配形式, 信用认证, 网络安全标准, 土地所有者的同意(即使主人是土地所有者)和其他必要的信息. 表格的确切要求和性质可能因不同的公用事业而有所不同. 的 CDG host must also register as a Distributed Energy Resource (DER) with the Public Service Commission，要求 Distributed Energy Resource Supplier Registration Form 以及以下材料:

• Copy 和 proof of acceptance of your registration with the NYS Department of State 和 a copy of your certificate of assumed name (if applicable);
• 样品销售协议, 包括客户披露声明, 和 sample bills for each customer class for each material category of the CDG or On-Site Mass Market products or services that will be offered;
• Copies of information 和 promotional materials used for mass marketing purposes for each product offering;
• 实体列表, including contractors 和 sub-contractors, 代表你公司的市场;
• 消费者服务办事处及服务提供者表格[NYS DPS消费者服务办公室服务提供者表格]

CDG subscribers are utility customers who contractually agree to purchase generation output from a Community Distributed Generation host. 的y can be individual residential account holders or commercial accounts. 的 CDG subscriber remains a customer of their utility company who will bill them for delivery 和 transmission 和 additionally used electricity. 要成为CDG订阅者，客户必须在相同的 公用事业领域 和 普及区 作为CDG主机.

An offtaker can enter into a PPA with a site owner or PPA provider to begin using the electricity generated by the microhydro instead of their current source of supply. 在大多数情况下, the offtaker remains connected to the grid 和 has access to additional 和 back-up power if needed.

If you have a site with microhydro potential 和 want to find someone else (an offtaker) who may want to use the 能源, 和你的邻居谈谈, 包括当地的企业，问问他们! 你可能 find that people are increasingly interested in going green, 和 that they will find a local source of green 能源 to be very appealing.

Planned maintenance 和 repairs may need to occur, such as changing bearings or valves. 计划外的维护和维修可能包括需要疏通入口筛网, 更换破碎设备, no operation from drought (long periods of low 流), 或者甚至是电网中断(如果设施是联网的).

的 typical PPA charges the offtaker an agreed upon price per kWh delivered. If the plant goes offline or ceases to operate, 它没有输送电力, 违规者将不会被起诉. In the instance where a microhydro plant goes down, either for maintenance or because of some natural damage or other reason, the offtaker can resume receiving power from the utility at their current rate until the plant becomes operational again. 的 PPA provider cannot guarantee the offtaker anything about the price the utility may charge if the plant goes down.

太阳能和风能公私合作项目依靠税收优惠来吸引投资者, however hydropower is not currently eligible for federal tax credits. A PPA may still be possible even without tax credits, 如施工成本, permitting 和 maintenance can be recovered within the desired period of time for the investor based only on the agreed upon payment schedule of the offtaker.

这可能会有所不同, but most investors prefer to see a return within 6 years in order to invest in the project. 从开脱者的角度来看, there is no upfront capital investment 和 entering into a PPA can be cash流 positive from day one. Developers will likely realize their investment objective within six years thanks to incentives, depreciation 和 other financial benefits.

PPA的定价考虑了许可的总成本, 设计和施工, 以及预期的运营和维护费用. That amount will be used to schedule a repayment term over as many years as it is necessary to pay off the costs while still allowing for a reasonable return on investment for the party providing the initial cash. 的re is usually an escalator, as much as 3 to 4% per year, but not always. Sometimes the payments are flat for the full term, in which case the initial payment is likely to be slightly higher than what the offtaker is used to paying for electricity, 但以后的支付比例将低于市场利率.

的 economics of the project should work out so that the initial kWh rate you pay is slightly less or equal to your current electricity rate. 这可能会有所不同 depending on your service territory 和 other factors, such as the costs specific to the permitting, 项目的设计和构建.

A PPA allows you to secure predictable 和 moderate electricity prices. 通常初始费率比当前费率低, 和 the modest escalator is a lower rate than how utility rates are expected to increase over time. 因此，PPA从长远来看会为你省钱.

In many instances interested site owners might have to pay a consultation fee for a professional site assessment with a hydropower developer. Based on that initial assessment a general project 和 study plan can be developed to set up a PPA. Further costs would be accounted towards the total project costs as defined in the PPA contract.

的 project’s soft cost are closely related to the hydropower system size 和 complexity, 以及特定地点的参数，比如现有的基础设施, 财产大小, proximity to on-site loads or the utility grid, 和 environmental 水 quality 和 habitat concerns.

A property owner who installs a microhydro plant with a PPA developer will want to have the option in their contract to assign the contract over to a future property owner.

的 RECs are owned by the PPA developer who uses their value as an additional revenue 流 to pay off the initial cost of construction. 在纽约, the PPA developer will have the option to sell both RECS 和 the output to the offtaker in a bundled contract, if the offtaker is interested in claiming the renewable 能源 attributes. Or, the PPA developer may sell the RECs to NYSERDA, which offers solicitations for RECs twice each year.

不，设备的所有者使用退税和税收抵免.

大多数租赁都有一个隐含的利率，被称为付款自动扶梯. 这个数字可能从0%到4%不等. If you sign a lease with a 3% payment escalator 和 your first payment is set at $100/month in the first year, 然后在第二年你的付款将增加到103美元/月. 每年以后你的付款将继续增加3%. 的 escalator is still likely to reflect a savings when compared to residential utility rates, which increased an average 15% in the United States between 2008 和 2018. Find key indicators 和 statistics about electricity on the website of the 能源信息管理局.

Often a lease will allow you to transfer your monthly lease payments to the new property owner, 只要他们符合租赁人的信用标准. 你可能 also have the option of purchasing the system outright or having the property buyer do so.

是的. 如果你想在你住的地方安装一个微型水力发电站, 但你并不拥有这些财产, 那么租赁可能不适合你. 的 lessor or owner of the system will require the owner of the property to grant access 和 other rights, which typically cannot be conveyed by a non-owner.

Whether you can terminate the lease depends on the terms of the lease, 但这是一个相当常见的条款. 出租人应在签署租约前提出这一要求, to give themselves the flexibility to make this choice in the future.

租赁期限届满, 一些供应商会提供续约条款, 也许在一段额外的时间里，每年一次. 你可能 also have the option to purchase the system at fair market value, 哪些需要独立的估值.

的 company that owns the system will be responsible for any repairs. 支付额外修理费用的责任将由租赁合同确定. 承租人在达成租赁协议前应了解这些责任.

在大多数情况下, a site owner would want to hire a hydropower developer to assist in the environmental 和 site assessment, facility design 和 permitting – regardless of whether the site owner ultimately wants to lease or directly own the hydropower system. 的 developer would act as an agent for the site owner 和 coordinate with all relevant resource agencies 和 stakeholders to ensure a successful permitting procedure. 有关微水处理许可的更多信息，请参阅伟德网上娱乐的 允许部分.

租赁是与拥有该系统的公司签订的协议. You enjoy the electricity from the system for the length of your lease. 如果您选择出租您的系统, you are paying only a small portion of the system cost at the outset, 和 then making fixed lease payments over time to the system owner, 水电开发公司. 您可以选择租赁或拥有, but you do not actually own the system until the end of the lease term, when all the lease payments have been made 和 ownership transfers from Lessor to Lessee. 租赁是一个很好的选择，如果税收抵免, but your tax bill is less than the value of the tax credit for your system. 如果你不想支付任何预付费用或申请贷款，它也是理想的, 或者你的信用评分低于650.

的re are circumstances when it makes sense to take out a loan to finance your microhydro project; these are some of them:

1. You are comfortable owning 和 maintaining the system yourself or hiring a company to deal with maintenance but still being the ultimate responsible party for the microhydro plant.
2. 如果联邦税收抵免可用的话, your tax bill is larger than the tax credits you will get from the system.
3. You are comfortable taking out a loan 和 have a good credit rating.

If you're interested in owning your own microhydro system, ask yourself:

1. Do you want the responsibility to own or do you prefer that someone else deal with the responsibilities?
2. Do you have the cash to pay the up-front costs?
3. 如果适用的话，你能享受税收抵免吗?
4. 你愿意花现金储备还是贷款? Is your credit strong enough to get a loan?

在决定是否购买或租赁系统时，有许多因素需要考虑. 的se factors relate to your project economics, 你的信誉, your willingness to assume responsibility for a microhydro project as well as your appetite for tax credits (if applicable). 第一个 you need to look at the total cost of the system. Ownership requires the up-front capital cost of designing, permitting 和 constructing the project. 如果你没有现金，你可以通过贷款来减少前期成本. 与贷款, 你是所有者, 但你从银行借钱是为了支付系统的资本成本. A loan is simply financing, just like purchasing an automobile with a loan. It allows you to take advantage of all the savings associated with your own renewable 能源 generation source. 如果实际上, 联邦可再生能源税收抵免, such as the investment tax credit (ITC) may allow an owner of a system to use 30% of the value of the system as a tax credit, which works for individuals who have tax liability they would like to reduce with tax credits. If you don’t have the cash 和 do not want to take out a loan you can consider a lease-to-own model. Or, you can also lease a system with no plan to transfer ownership at the end of the lease. 与租赁, 您不是系统的所有者, you are just paying the leasing company for a long term (usually 20 years). 如果你选择租赁来拥有, 然后系统的所有权会在你的租期结束时转移给你. 的 lease allows you to make an environmentally friendly choice without bearing the responsibility of owning a system, while reducing your electricity bill 和 using a predictable monthly payment structure based on a kWh rate that is established at the beginning of the lease term. A lease versus loan have some things in common. 例如, the environmental benefits are the same 和 monthly payments are typically structured to be less than your current electric bill. 如果你有足够的资源，对税收抵免有兴趣, 并且/或者愿意贷款, 其他条件都是一样的, 拥有您的系统，即使它是通过贷款融资的，也是一个更好的选择.

的 answer depends on your project’s goals, the environmental setting 和 how close your micro hydropower site is to the meter where your electricity is consumed. 采用净能源计量或远程净能源计量, 你必须把水力发电系统与电网连接起来. If you are considering defecting from the grid, you can configure your project off-grid – without interconnecting with the electricity grid.

的 power needs of your home depend on the same factors as your electricity (or 能源) needs, but the use patterns play an increased role. 例如:一个20瓦的灯泡需要操作, an off-grid hydropower system has to provide a power of 20 Watts; so if you have five of these 20-Watt bulbs located in 5 different rooms of your home, 和 you tend to switch them on 和 off when entering or leaving a room, in the ideal case your home could be supplied by a 20-Watt hydropower system; but if all 5 of the bulbs are switched on by the same switch, a potential hydropower system will need to be 5 times as large to provide the necessary power. 换句话说: the power dem和 depends on how many (和 which) appliances 和 devices you intend to use simultaneously: running the washing machine, 干衣机, 烤箱的, the TV 和 lights at the same time creates a higher power dem和 than staggering the use of these appliances. 通过联网水力发电系统, these power spikes (created by simultaneous use of appliances) are covered by the utility, but an off-grid system needs to balance them directly or with the help of a battery system. We recommend obtaining an assessment your home's power needs 和 consider 能源 efficiency upgrades as part of the hydropower design process.

How much electricity your microhydro project needs to generate to offset the consumption in your home depends on:

• 你家的大小，
• 建筑围护结构的质量，
• the number of inhabitants 和 their use patterns,
• 你家的电气化程度(电加热, 电烹调, 电暖水), 和
• 你的电器和设备的能源效率.

Efficient single family homes use about 300 kWh per month while others use 800 kWh 和 more per month. Efficient homes could offset their 能源 use with a (grid-connected) hydropower system as small as 800 Watts. We recommend obtaining an assessment your home's electricity needs 和 consider 能源 efficiency upgrades as part of the hydropower design process. Check your current utility bill to see how you rank 和 to see if there is room for improvement. 请注意，离网系统不仅需要满足家庭的能源需求, 还有它的电力需求!

A microhydro PPA may run from 15 to 25 years. 的 terms will vary dependent on the specific cost of the project 和 consumption of the offtaker.

PPA开发商拥有该工厂, 与一个长期的协议，出售所有的电气输出到收货人. Sometimes at the end of the term there is an option for the offtaker to buy the plant from the developer at fair market value.

If you are interested in regular monthly payments 和 prefer to have a professional hydro developer deal with building 和 operating your project than a PPA could be a great way to go.

的 CDG host is the entity that manages 和 sells electricity to subscribers who elect to participate. 在大多数情况下 the CDG host operates or owns a renewable 能源 project that generates more electricity than can be used on site. 的 host defines the stipulations for subscribers to join the CDG. 更多关于基础和 纽约CDGs的基本要素.

的 关键CDG需求 are to have an eligible renewable 能源 source, 与配电公司的互连协议, 以及一组至少10个签署CDG合同的订阅者.

Community Renewable Energy refers to a renewable 能源 project that is shared by a community (like community solar or hydro). 换句话说, instead of a single owner using the output from a renewable 能源 project, with a Community Renewable Energy project, the output is shared by a group of individuals, businesses or other entities who consume electricity. 社区分布式发电(CDG) is New York State’s program that allows distributed renewable 能源 resources to share their output with retail customers.

Micro hydropower refers to hydroelectric systems that produce up to 100 kilowatts of electricity. Most of the hydropower systems used by homeowners 和 small business owners, 包括农民和牧场主, would qualify as micro hydropower systems. "Micro" refers to systems up to 100 kilowatts, but a 10-kilowatt micro hydropower system can generally provide enough power for a large home, 一个小酒店, 或者业余农场.

引用: http://www.energy.gov/energysaver/buying-and-making-electricity/microhydropower-systems

Hydropower is considered "clean 能源" because it is produced without the burning of fossil fuels. 然而, a micro hydropower system can have other environmental impacts at the site of the system 和 further down流.

Micro hydropower systems are one of the lowest CO2 sources of 能源 that are available. 水电对温室气体产生影响的原因并不是发电本身, 但是为了产生水力发电，地表和水面发生了变化, 特别是当水库是新的时候. 然而, 微型水力设施可能不会使用相当大的蓄水池, 或者至少是一个占地面积更小的小水库, much of which may have been rocky 流 beds before. 的 increased contribution of GHG is most pronounced in the earliest years after the reservoir has been established.  A micro hydro installation on a dam that has been in place for decades would not be likely to introduce significant new GHG sources.

纽约州正在考虑微型水力发电，因为该州有超过6个,已经存在的600座遗留大坝. 的se existing dams present a unique opportunity for owners to install a micro hydro system on a pre-existing dam. 这个网站提供了在现有大坝上考虑微型水力发电的资源.